Cybersecurity vs Computer Science: Which Degree to Choose?

Choosing a degree in Cybersecurity or Computer Science (CS) can be a challenging decision for many students looking to enter the tech industry. Both fields are booming, offering unique skills and career paths, but their curriculums and applications vary significantly. With the rising demand for security professionals and the broad applicability of computer science skills, it's no wonder many students are torn between the two. Higher education institutions often market both programs based on their unique strengths, but how do these options play out in the real world?

To shed light on this decision, we’ve compiled insights from real people who have graduated with degrees in either cybersecurity or computer science and have ventured into the workforce. They share their experiences regarding job prospects, career flexibility, on-the-job challenges, and more. With this practical knowledge, students can get a better idea of which path might best suit their goals. So, how do cybersecurity programs differ from computer science programs?

What is a Computer Science Degree?

A Computer Science (CS) degree is a comprehensive program that dives into the principles and applications of computing. CS programs cover subjects like data structures, algorithms, programming languages, operating systems, computer architecture, and mathematics. Graduates typically come away with a broad skill set that prepares them for various tech roles, from software development to data analysis and networking.

CS graduates emphasize the strength of their foundational knowledge in computing and problem-solving. This strong foundation enables them to explore various roles within tech, including cybersecurity, while remaining adaptable in a fast-changing field. Although rigorous, this path is widely seen as providing a robust toolkit for a range of technology careers, not just cybersecurity.

What is a Cybersecurity Degree?

A Cybersecurity degree focuses on protecting digital systems and data from cyber threats. It covers topics like network security, ethical hacking, incident response, forensics, and risk management. While some cybersecurity programs include courses in programming and systems, they’re generally structured to prepare students for roles that specifically deal with security issues rather than building or programming systems from scratch.

Cybersecurity graduates often move into positions such as Security Operations Center (SOC) analysts, threat analysts, and incident responders. The degree’s practical approach provides students with hands-on experience in defending systems, and it introduces them to the specific tools and techniques used in cybersecurity work.

Cybersecurity or Computer Science: Insights from Real-World Professionals

When choosing between Computer Science and Cybersecurity degrees, understanding their unique strengths and career implications is essential. The following sections compare these programs across key areas, drawing insights from the experiences and opinions of dozens of real-world professionals who faced this decision and navigated their paths into the job market.

Flexibility and Career Options

One of the primary factors to consider is flexibility. A Computer Science degree is often seen as more versatile, with graduates having the skills to explore multiple tech careers. Many professionals feel that a CS background makes it easier to pivot between fields, providing foundational knowledge applicable across various disciplines in tech.

On the other hand, while a cybersecurity degree offers specialized skills, some graduates find that it’s more challenging to branch into areas beyond security. Employers generally view CS graduates as having a broader skill set, which can translate into a greater variety of job prospects, including cybersecurity roles. Those who wish to focus exclusively on security may still find a CS degree advantageous, especially when paired with cybersecurity certifications. For those asking, "Can you get a cybersecurity job with a computer science degree?", the answer is yes—though you may want to consider getting a few security certifications or relevant internships on your resume to demonstrate specialized knowledge in industry.

Depth of Knowledge and Practical Skills

The depth of knowledge offered by each program is another point of distinction. CS programs tend to be more theory-driven, emphasizing programming, algorithms, and system architecture. For those entering cybersecurity, understanding the deeper principles of how computer systems work can provide an advantage, allowing them to secure systems more effectively and troubleshoot complex issues.

By contrast, a cybersecurity degree provides more immediate, practical skills specific to defending against cyber threats. Students in cybersecurity programs become proficient in security tools and techniques early on, which can be advantageous in certain entry-level roles. However, they may miss some of the technical depth that CS majors gain. As a result, cybersecurity graduates may find it beneficial to supplement their education with certifications or additional training, especially for more advanced roles in the field.

Employer Perceptions and Job Market Realities

In the job market, employer perceptions can influence hiring decisions. Generally, CS degrees are seen as more rigorous and comprehensive, giving graduates an edge for many tech roles. Does cybersecurity fall under computer science? In many ways, yes—cybersecurity draws heavily on core computer science concepts, particularly in areas like networking and systems architecture. For this reason, some employers view a CS degree as providing a solid foundation for security roles. Cybersecurity, as a newer academic field, lacks the standardization that CS has, which means that the skills taught in cybersecurity programs can vary widely across institutions.

Some professionals note that cybersecurity roles are more accessible to those with CS degrees, as employers feel confident that they possess the technical depth needed. For cybersecurity graduates, the path can be more direct but may feel limited to specific security roles. As a result, CS graduates often find themselves with more choices, and with the right certifications, they can transition smoothly into cybersecurity.

Program Rigor and Personal Preference

In terms of program rigor, CS degrees are known to be more math-intensive and theoretically challenging, which can make them a better fit for students who enjoy analytical and problem-solving tasks. For some, this intellectual challenge is a positive, while others may find it daunting. If you excel in math and enjoy understanding complex systems, a CS degree may be more fulfilling.

Cybersecurity degrees, while challenging, focus more on practical skills related to defending and monitoring systems. For students interested in hands-on learning rather than heavy theoretical coursework, cybersecurity may be a better fit. However, those in cybersecurity often need to stay current with certifications and continuous education to remain competitive, as the field evolves rapidly.

Salary Potential

Both Computer Science and Cybersecurity offer strong earning potential, though their salary trajectories vary based on roles and specializations. When considering what pays more, cyber security or computer science, the answer often depends on the specific career path chosen within each field.

CS graduates often have access to diverse roles, including software engineering, data analysis, and network engineering, which influences salary. Entry-level roles, especially in software development, generally start above the national average, with a median around $110,000 annually. Specialized paths, like data science and AI, can lead to even higher earnings, offering significant flexibility for salary growth across different sectors.

Cybersecurity professionals also command competitive salaries, with entry-level positions like SOC analyst and cybersecurity analyst offering starting pay between $60,000 and $90,000. As professionals advance to roles like security engineer or penetration tester, salaries often reach $90,000 to $130,000. Senior roles, such as information security manager or CISO, can command salaries well above $130,000, especially in industries like finance or healthcare.

Over time, CS graduates may see higher earning potential due to broader career paths, including high-paying roles in development management, AI, and systems architecture. Cybersecurity professionals also see strong growth, particularly in specialized or leadership roles. For those curious about cybersecurity vs. computer science salary expectations, a combination of CS fundamentals with cybersecurity certifications or focus areas is often an optimal approach.

Advice for Students Still Deciding

If you’re still on the fence, many professionals recommend a CS degree with a focus or minor in cybersecurity as a balanced approach. This path offers a robust foundation in computing with the flexibility to pivot into cybersecurity and other areas of tech. Another common option is to start with a CS degree and pursue cybersecurity certifications to specialize further, which provides more job flexibility.

For students certain about cybersecurity, look for programs that incorporate core CS topics like algorithms, programming, and computer architecture to ensure you’re not missing critical foundational knowledge. Some students even pursue cybersecurity at the graduate level after completing a CS undergraduate degree to deepen their expertise.

Conclusion: Is It Better to Get a Cybersecurity Degree or a Computer Science Degree?

Deciding between a Cybersecurity vs. Computer Science degree ultimately comes down to your personal career goals, interests, and learning style. For students wondering, "Is cybersecurity harder than computer science?", the answer depends on what you find challenging—whether it’s the hands-on, evolving nature of cybersecurity or the theoretical and math-intensive aspects of computer science.

Computer Science (CS): This degree offers a broad skill set and is highly adaptable across the tech industry. It provides the foundational knowledge needed to pursue various fields, including cybersecurity. If cybersecurity remains a focus, supplementing with certifications or specialized courses can give you an edge.

Cybersecurity: This degree is a targeted path for students who want to specialize in security from the start. With a cybersecurity degree, you gain direct, hands-on skills specific to defending systems and responding to cyber threats. While the job market may be narrower, those committed to a security-focused career may find this approach rewarding.

Both degrees provide valuable skill sets, and success in either field will often involve continuous learning, certifications, and practical experience. Understanding the difference between computer science and cyber security, as well as the pros and cons of each career path is critical in making an informed decision. For many, blending elements of both fields—whether through minors, electives, or certifications—leads to a well-rounded and flexible career in tech.

Compass IT Compliance is a recognized leader in B2B IT security and compliance services. The insights shared in this blog post are based on our analysis of real-world experiences from professionals who have graduated with both degrees and successfully entered the job market. As with any significant decision about your future career path, we encourage you to gather perspectives from diverse sources to make an informed choice that aligns with your goals.